Proven by Meselson-Stahl experiment (1958) using ยนโตN and ยนโดN. Each new DNA has one old and one new strand. Enzymes: Helicase (unwinds), DNA Polymerase III (adds nucleotides, only 5'โ3'), Primase (makes RNA primer), DNA Ligase (joins Okazaki fragments). Leading strand: continuous synthesis. Lagging strand: discontinuous (Okazaki fragments).
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