Germination = seed starting to grow into a new plant. Conditions needed: Water (to activate enzymes), Warmth (optimal temperature), Oxygen (for respiration to release energy). Steps: Seed absorbs water, swells. Seed coat softens, splits. Radicle (root) grows downward (gravity). Plumule (shoot) grows upward (light). Cotyledons supply food. First true leaves appear. The plant is now a seedling โ it can make its own food via photosynthesis.
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