Convex lens: converges light, thicker in middle. Forms real inverted image (far objects) or virtual magnified (close โ magnifying glass). Used in cameras, projectors, spectacles for far-sightedness. Concave lens: diverges light, thinner in middle. Forms virtual, erect, diminished image. Used for near-sightedness. Human eye: cornea+lens focuses image on retina. Retina converts to nerve signals.
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