pH measures acidity/alkalinity: 0-14 scale. pH < 7: acid. pH = 7: neutral (pure water). pH > 7: base/alkali. Litmus: natural indicator from lichens. Turns RED in acid, BLUE in base. Turmeric: yellow in acid/neutral, RED-BROWN in base. Phenolphthalein: colorless in acid, pink in base. Methylorange: red in acid, yellow in base.
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