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Manure: decomposed animal/plant waste โ improves soil texture and microorganisms, organic, slow-acting. Fertilisers: chemical compounds, fast-acting, specific nutrients. NPK: Nitrogen (leafy growth), Phosphorus (root growth), Potassium (fruit/flower). Urea (nitrogen), DAP (phosphorus). Overuse of chemical fertilisers: soil degradation, water pollution. Green revolution used heavy fertilisers + HYV seeds.